# Elevating Utility Inspections with Automated Drone-in-a-Box Technology

- Event: NestGen ’23
- Published: March 20, 2023
- Length: 44:46
- Watch: https://nestgen.org/library/watch/SKSCsdF8-eQ/

> The transcript of a recorded NestGen session, for reading or for use with an AI tool. It comes from the video's
> captions; automatic captions can mishear names and terms.

## About this session

Want to receive better insights and maintenance reports on your utilities -- more frequently and safely? Attend Marcus' session for more.

## Transcript

**[0:08]** thank you hello everyone welcome to another exciting session of national 23 the industry's largest stone autonomy Summit audience before we begin it would be great if you could let us know where are you joining from what do you do and what excited you about this particular session once again welcome to this session on elevating utility inspections with autonomous drone in the Box technology today we will explore how this Cutting Edge technology can revolutionalize the way utility inspections are carried out automating the inspection process with drone in the Box technology can save time improve efficiency and most importantly reduce the risk of accidents to shed light on the Innovative use of automated drone in a box technology I am pleased to welcome Marcus Jackson operations manager C3 drones and Robotics Marcus is an accomplished expert in the Australian drone industry with over three

**[1:09]** years of experience in drone operations Marcus has a deep understanding of drone technology and extensive experience in conducting drone operations for consumers he began his career as a part of the first ever drone delivery operations in Australia where he gained experience in conducting operations without visual line of sight over time Marcus transitioned to focus on drone in the Box operations where he learned how to write biblos applications using soda methodology he played a critical role in deploying and maintaining systems in the field ensuring ensuring successful operation and integration of the Drone technology Marcus is a valuable member of C3 drones and Robotics where he uses his expertise to help organizations successfully Implement remotely piloted systems and pushed the boundaries of what is achievable with drone technology before I pass it on to Marcus I would like to share a few housekeeping rules please type in your questions in the Q a tab of the session and

**[2:09]** it will be answered at the end of the presentation the session is getting recorded and will be published soon we also have a C3 drones and Robotics booth in the Expo section please make sure make sure you visit it during the networking and Booth visits finally please remember to capture your favorite moments of the sessions and share it on Twitter and Linkedin by using nation23 and tagging FlytBase few lucky people who share might have a surprise in store there's an ongoing poll during the session please participate I would like to thank DJI our title sponsor and volatile's platinum sponsor for their support with that over to you Marcus thank you so much um it's great to be here and thanks again to FlytBase and the sponsors for organizing this um just gonna slide up here so I work for a company called C3 drones robotics that's based on Gold Coast in Australia

**[3:09]** um C3 has been around probably about 12 months now but it's been created to you know help a lot of Australian commercial businesses we work with a lot of hardware and software providers and industry-leading service organizations to try and deliver custom packages to suit clients needs so we identified a gap in the market for this as a lot of people were looking for comprehensive solutions for a wider array of different organizations so C3 is essentially trying to implement some of these Cutting Edge Technologies into businesses so they can get further become more efficient and collect even more data than before so one of the cool things that we've developed here at C3 is a bunch of packages to try and streamline the process of implementing drones a lot of our packages can include regulatory employment and compliance approvals

**[4:11]** which is pretty important in Australia and most other nations especially when going for BV loss operations can usually be quite a lengthy process and we try and package that all in together so the clients don't have to deal with that and other parties we obviously would package together software like FlytNow and other subscriptions that you might need for managing flight hours Pilots the equipment and many other things obviously also part of the package is the Drone itself the sensor that's needed for the task the Drone in the box and other equipment like a Communications box for communicating with manned aircraft a weather station for monitoring weather and maybe even a starlink satellite or cellular routers to make sure you've got internet to your devices and we make sure that all of our packages compliance and hardware

**[5:12]** and software are all backed up with end-to-end support so that you can have peace of mind going forward and you can know that into the future what we've worked with you to create will continue to be supported so now I'm just going to touch on where we are in Australia for those of you that might not be too familiar but Australia is one of the countries that's leading the way in a lot of BV loss operations but I guess we're quite fortunate here to be able to work so closely with the regulatory Authority and Australia has a lot already has a few remote operations centers for remote baby loss operations there's already a few drone in the boxes doing multiple amazing things um and we're always looking especially here at C3 to implement more long-range and drone in the Box systems to continually improve the market and that because there's just so many

**[6:12]** applications so I'm sure many of you are also Familiar of what's available but at the moment there's obviously many different drone in the Box options really a big fan of the open environment um so that you know you can kind of choose a system that best suits your needs um so right now FlytBase has so many different options so that if some if a client came to me I'd be able to look at their use case what they're looking to achieve and then we can also look at their budget and figure all of that out and what would best suit them for the data or use case um obviously major manufacturers are also trying to catch up DJI box is a big one skydiving alter also are coming out with boxes now and AI will also be a huge part I

**[7:12]** know it's been in the news a lot lately but it makes data analysis so much more you know efficient by being able to as you probably know I can analyze so much data in a short amount of time taking a human element out of it and just making a report so that you can action that data quite quickly I guess it's also Worth to note that vertical takeoff and Landing drones is something that could really like to see in the market but haven't quite got there yet so there's many use cases that I'll talk about today um they will touch on them and I'm definitely excited for them in the future so coming across the utilities this is an environment that sorry this this is an area that we've been working a lot working out a lot at C3 and it's obviously because Australia is such a big company uh country

**[8:17]** that there's so many different utilities all around the country that you know need monitoring and there's so many use cases for drones that it's just a gold mine for something like uh drone in the boxes so there's a list of utilities here that we're working with at the moment and there's so many other benefits that could be seen so at the moment we're seeing solar Farms utilize drone in the boxes they've been being used overseas for pipeline inspections dams and hydroelectric power I seeing uh drone in the boxes quite a fair bit gas power plants have been used overseas and grid substations as well and personally the list down here towards the bottom I personally think um is underutilized and I'd like to see more drone in the boxes used there because especially things like landfill that's a perfect use case for a drone in the box

**[9:21]** where you you know I'll talk about it later about how you could monitor the science wind farms are very trickier but there's certainly some automation that could happen there and the others coal power plants geothermal and some telecommunication areas as well so moving on to solar Farms probably the biggest benefit of drawing in the boxes in utilities on the top of my head um basically solar Farms you can using thermal cameras and AI you can detect damages in the cells buildup of debris and this way it'll let you calculate um you know potential we'll calculate potential losses in megawattage um and you can obviously monitor the degradation of the cells over time and quite regularly because a lot of solar Farms have manned operations at the moment and

**[10:26]** these manned operations can only occur so often where with a drone in the Box system you could do you know flights quite regularly so you could constantly be on top of the degradation of your solar panels and be right on top of that maintenance to replace things so I would allow you to identify defects earlier negate travel costs only one staff member would be needed to fly the system remotely from a nice air-conditioned room and the Drone in the box since it's always there would be perfect for security and incident response just continuing on with solar Farms a case study by measure uas found that drone inspections increased inspection efficiency by up to 97 over manual inspection and this operational efficiency resulted in an average cost saving of over twelve hundred dollars per megawatt so there's already perfect example there of wire drone

**[11:32]** in the Box solution would be perfect for soul of arms there's another perfect example one that's using sorry one that's using FlytBase so after fit in Japan was one of the first renewable energy companies to put a drone in a box solution into a practical use at a PowerPoint a solar power plant their primary use case was addressing security concerns and obviously monitoring the panels for defects which they're drawn in the Box handled perfectly while being controlled by an operator remotely in Tokyo and another perfect use case of a drone in the Box system is there's one doing regular patrols of a floating solar farm in centuryhorn Dam in Southeastern Thailand this is a particularly perfect use case of how our drone in the Box technology could help as it'd be quite difficult to inspect solar panels in the middle of a floating Dam and I can't imagine having to get out there on a boat

**[12:37]** and certainly looking to the Future I'm pretty sure I've got a image of it there but um it's been theorized that drones and potentially even drown in the box systems will be able to help solar Farms perform automated cleaning schedules as a lot of farms have issues with bird droppings and debris and dust in arid areas so I think it'd be amazing if a drone could automatically do some cleaning routines of a solar farm that way you know it takes the manual effort out of it foreign substations that's another perfect use we've all driven past electrical substations and marveled at their design and curiously gazed at all the odd components inside um but a lot goes into play to keep these things running and all tight so obviously this is where drones can be highly effective in inspecting

**[13:38]** these they can be used to inspect the high voltage power Alliance Transformers and other surrounding infrastructure as well being equipped with a thermal camera you kind of quickly identify hot spots or at normal temperatures which can help indicate faults especially this is useful in identifying areas that require maintenance or repair and can help especially during power outages this capability would also allow for fast on-site fault finding in after during or post a storm event which would help reduce blackout periods for all of us that need power and don't enjoy blackouts obviously security patrols are applicable to most things I'll talk about today but just keeping people out of and away from grid substations is of utmost importance especially for safety reasons so moving on from grid substations to power stations where the power comes from

**[14:40]** obviously there's many forms of power plants some that I've listed here I think drone boxes could be especially useful like virtually all of them um to evaluate infrastructure get sharp and detailed photos of defects find faults take pictures of hard to reach areas that may have never been seen since construction and just increased General all-around safety so nuclear power plants is one that I'm going to talk a bit more about as I recently learned that you can monitor radiation at and surrounding power plants this is performed by a specialized sensor such as a gamma radiation detector or spectrometer that can be drone mounted and detect the presence of ionizing radiation by flying over an area of Interest the sensors on the Drone can collect data on the intensity and distribution of radiation levels this information is obviously useful

**[15:44]** at the nuclear power plant to identify radiation hot spots monitor changes in radiation levels over time and assist in the planning and execution of radiation related activities such as nuclear waste management and Disaster Response so by using a drone in a box they could map radiation levels regularly and ensure maximum safety and minimal environmental impact another set of power stations that we all rely on the Drone in the boxes could help with the universe pardon me the usual benefits of drone in the boxes definitely apply obviously the inspection of chimneys flare stacks and cooling towers that these plants would be especially important as they're so high up and hard to get to these inspections are valuable as weathering and thunderstorms can leave damages over time and these damages are obviously hard to get to post storm inspections can also check for lightning strikes in the concrete and steel

**[16:46]** and check the lightning rods on Chimney structures and with these scans combined with a maybe already established digital twin of the site which the Drone in the Box could May well have helped create it would enable for faster and more effective maintenance operations geothermals and other power plant that's definitely could serve um could be helped by Drowning the boxes so obviously with all the piping that you can see and the surrounds sometimes the surrounding areas can be quite hot there's a lot of data and monitoring that could happen here so drone in the Box could help plan operators understand topography and geology features of the site and can help them inform decisions about Where to drill future Wells and where to place power generation equipment when first building it and a drone in the Box system could take over especially equipped with the thermal camera and continually inspect the

**[17:47]** geothermal power generation equipment including the all the turbines generators and cooling towers and all the heat pipes you can see um and it can detect any any temperature anomalies and you can create a Baseline and reference that going forward in the future moving on to pipelines I guess coming across from geothermal but obviously gas there's a lot of gas and water pipelines especially in a big place like Australia so drones could provide several benefits for pipeline inspections including leak detections um and identification of potential weaknesses over time this could especially reduce costs and save time over versus driving the pipelines or even using a helicopter which can be quite a costly operation obviously vertical tank off and Landing drones that I touched on earlier and there's

**[18:47]** one an image here on my slide but they would be the perfect solution for this especially some of the distances we have in Australia but we're still waiting on you know I think we're on the precipice but we're still waiting on the technology to get there but in the meantime another method of doing this could be using an overarching nested drone system with conventional multicopters who haven't heard of a nested drone system it's probably my name for a solution where multiple drone docks could be used in unison to cover a much larger area together so a bit like in the image in the bottom corner there um the idea is to place boxes at an optimal distance apart and have multiple drones take off at the same time and fly to the next box along from where they were this way the drones can cover much more distance as they wouldn't it wouldn't need to make a return Journey to the dock that they took off from when vertical takeoff and Landing drones are finally established I imagine they'd be

**[19:50]** able to cover an incredibly long pipeline using this method the power lines very similar to Pipelines um so a lot of the previous points are applicable especially about nested drone systems and vitals but having said that Powerline missions likely will require some different sensors and there's some nuances that will likely be required so a thermal sensor would need to be used probably unlike power pipelines as you can see in one of the images there it makes identification of a potential heat spot or fault really easy and lidar which will probably be used as pipelines as well is a lot more important on power lines for vegetation encroachments because obviously you want to keep any vegetation and trees away from your power lines to stop any short circuits

**[20:53]** wind turbines another form of energy the so the components of wind turbines are as you can imagine subjected to hail snow lightning rain salt and dust all on a daily basis a turbine may also be damaged due to factors such as extreme load buckling or manufacturing defects that lead to load bonding debonding so during these wind turbine inspections defects such as cracks paint peeling corrosion light lightning traces are all identified along the tower blades nacelle and hub the cost of repairing and replacing these turbine Parts could reach up to thirty thousand dollars per year in the absence of preventative maintenance so for a drone in the Box solution to be effective a dock would likely need to be situated between multiple turbines and that way the Drone will be able to remotely perform inspections on multiple turbines in its surrounding area thus maximizing the effectiveness of

**[21:58]** the Drone in the Box but there's a new project in Denmark that is developing a concept for wind turbine inspection and repair that employs a fully autonomous drone from service operation vessels that operate in the area the solution is said to be theorized to significantly reduce downtime CO2 emissions and operation and maintenance cost if deployed at scale based on estimations of the project with 70 installed docking stations which would cover their entire water-based wind turbine Fleet the annual effects in the future could be reduced downtime of up to 12 000 hours increased energy production of up to 40 000 megawatt hours and reduce service costs of 50 up to 50 million euros could also generate employment for over 150 employees and prevent 13 000 tons

**[23:00]** of CO2 emissions in the future drones could also be part of de-icing wind turbines which is can be especially hazardous in some areas as either the ice flies off and can cause damage to nearby turbines or infrastructure and trying to de-ice them is almost impossible at this moment in time so that could be a cool technology that we could certainly see in the future Dam inspections moving on to water now which is something that we can't really live without as you all know so management of water around the world is so vast and varied that there's quite a long list of ways that are drawn in the Box system could be helpful inspections of dam walls one of the first things that comes to my mind when I think of using drones as part of water management so they could be a highly effective part in carrying out damn wall Integrity checks including tasks such as crack detection intake tower inspection hydro and

**[24:05]** hydroelectric infrastructure inspection that can easily capture high resolution imagery of the dam surface enabling Engineers to identify any signs of damage wear and tear or other issues that may impact its Integrity these regular inspections would also greatly help in the identification and monitoring of plants and weeds growing in and around the dam in its buildings additionally drones could be used for security monitoring of these restricted areas when Public Access is not allowed and Spillway inspections could provide for safer and more efficient a safer and more efficient method of capturing detailed imagery of the spillway structure and helping to monitor erosion Downstream as you could see in one of the images there foreign s where the water you know flows in before the water flows into the dam I think in some particular use cases could this could also benefit utility companies by keeping

**[25:09]** monitoring water and it would be helpful in the management of water overall for example they could help monitor catchment erosion and landslides by regularly scanning the area and capturing high resolution imagery which could be analyzed to detect changes in the landscape and additionally drones could also help monitor algae levels in catchment areas helping to identify and mitigate any harmful blooms regular scans of declining areas using drones can also facilitate easy comparisons especially after weather events allowed for more effective management of catchment areas and they could also get to hard to reach areas such as peninsulas and Islands which many of these dams have to make sure that they can keep track of the erosion and if there's any concerning areas there obviously drones could also be used for security patrols that have touched on many times but you wouldn't think this is something that could be brought up with

**[26:13]** catchment but there are many protected catchments uh dams that you can't access um that are not open to the public and drugs could be used to ensure that those uh that the public doesn't get into those dams and that you know wildlife and can be managed to keep those catchments clean continue on on the water Trend um desalination and water treatment plants so drone docks could definitely be a valuable tool here for monitoring desalination firstly drones can be used to find and monitor leaks in the plant's infrastructure including all the pipes tanks and valves by regularly scanning the plants drones could detect and detect leaks quickly and allow for prompt repairs and prevent any water loss or infrastructure damage grounds could also monitor rust buildup on the plant's infrastructure since we're

**[27:14]** dealing with salt water um and it could obviously lead to corrosion and damage so early detection of this will allow for prompt action which would allow for the plant to continue running um efficiently on top of this if a digital twin was created probably by the regular drone on the box flights you could create a 3D model of the plant's infrastructure which could be used to plan maintenance activities more efficiently a digital twin would also enable easy maintenance by of the plant by identifying a prioritizing maintenance tasks and make it easier for staff in the event and emergency at one of these places a drone in the Box could be deployed to quickly assess the situation from the air and provide critical information to First Responders who wouldn't necessarily be familiar allowing for faster and more effective responses and as with most cases drown in the box systems could be used for perimeter security

**[28:16]** to prevent any unauthorized access and something that I'd like to see in the future that I've already read about um with more manned drone operations is you could have a specialized attachment um like the one I've put in the slide there that could descend down into a water Pond or facility and be able to test water quality and its contents giving you insights into the health of the plants water supply and pH and many other parameters to provide clean water so Wastewater plants seeing on the water life cycle I guess um drawing the boxes would be another great tool here as they're quite open areas with a lot of surveillable objects firstly regular inspections and mapping could be used to maintain the plant's infrastructure and identify any signs of wear and tear or corrosion and damage

**[29:20]** this would help to ensure maintenance operations can be planned and executed more efficient effectively and reduce down times and minimize disruptions as I just mentioned drones equipped equipped with water testing devices could also be used to monitor the turbidity and pH of the water and other factors as keeping on top of this especially if it's they're trying to recycle the water is quite important um multi-special cameras could also be used to keep an eye on algae and chlorophyll levels in the Wastewater um because obviously keeping algae under control is quite important to some of these plants due to the contents and in addition something very interesting is that still experimental but there has been drone based environmental odor monitoring using a sensor such as the Rhino sensor that I've got an image of there which could

**[30:22]** help reduce plant odors this technology can obviously help detect and identify odors in the compound and around the plants enabling for more targeted and effective Odor Control strategies which I guess anyone living living near a water treatment plant would probably be happy if they could reduce the odors even more landfill and rubbish management another big part of our lives that we all rely on and that needs good management um I think it's a perfect use case for drone in the boxes there's actually already many use cases of drones being used in landfills but especially in Australia I'm not aware of any using drone in the boxes just yet but I think it's a perfect example um foreign Ed capacity they're already assessing you know some of these images here show what they're already doing already assessing

**[31:24]** um and surveying the area and being able to calculate you know potential Heights of where the rubbish will get to how far they need to dig down and how how they would move the rubbish around so it'll be perfect for estimating overall capacity in the rubbish intake so by regularly scanning the area drones can collect data on the amount of waste being added to the landfill and allow for more accurate capacity estimates and effective management they could also be able to calculate material movement from side to side with the doses and certain Machinery that operate there and identify areas of the landfill where waste is accumulating and where additional management efforts might be needed as mentioned before specialized sensors mounted on the Drone can also help monitor emissions and air quality especially methane gas which is a gas of significant concern in higher quantities this information can be used to improve emission

**[32:24]** control control strategies and reduce the impact of landfill on the surrounding environment um a lot of what happens in landfill happens in cells and drone in the box systems could effectively help manage these cells and maximize Space by providing 3D models of the landfills topography and identifying areas where waste could be added without compromising the structural integrity finally drones can help monitor surrounding areas for runoff erosion and blown away rubbish helping to identify any potential environmental impacts and allowing for more effective management of the landfill so to summarize drone in the box systems are perfect for a whole range of utility providers and operations as they help reduce costs save time enable the high a higher quantity and quality data collection through so many different types of

**[33:25]** sensors and improved safety outcomes perform Security checks and reduce carbon emissions as a lot of them are powered by electricity so in the future things that I'd like to see is the launch and landing of drone in the boxes from moving Vehicles such as trucks and boats as especially Amazed by the where Denmark would like to take their drone in the Box operations for their offshore wind farms I also think it'd be really good to see hydrogen power drone in the boxes as some hydrogen-powered drones out there can provide incredibly long flight times obviously vertical takeoff and Landing drones will be highly valuable as well as they can fly vast distances and if they had a box to land take off and land in they would ensure that you can automate the inspection of huge swaths of land and

**[34:26]** pipelines and power lines also I probably don't need to hope for this because it's probably coming but Advanced AI analysis um that's just going to improve over time especially with machine learning but from what I've already seen feeding lidar and photogrammetry information into some of these lidar systems can produce some amazing reports on how to improve so many operations and lastly nested drone systems I'd really like to see especially a multicult operation at the minimum where you could have multiple drone in the boxes and have a system where they you know take off and land in each other boxes each other's boxes either at a compound or a pipeline and be able to monitor a large amount of area foreign just reached the end of the slide there so um happy to move on to any questions and if you're drinking had anything else

**[35:27]** thank you Marcus thank you very much I that was a very informative session and the fact that you uh in the Wind Farm use case you mentioned that if preventive maintenance maintenance is not done it can cost up to 30 000 US dollars to fix those those issues per year and that is the cost at which some of the Drone throne in the Box Solutions are available at this point in time so that that again shows you what a great investment it would be for Enterprises to leverage the technology uh that is coming in uh yeah so we we again can jump into the Q a session wherein our audience if they have any questions uh request everyone to drop your questions in the Q a window or that is on the right side of your screen so I can start with one question so this is a question which we are asking to all of our speakers so I'll just uh help you with the question could you please share your thoughts on the diab approach where each company any contributes to different layer of the Drone autonomy

**[36:29]** stack what are its benefits and can it help us grow and grow the industry yeah so that's a good question I I certainly agree with the open approach um because it allows for a wide variety of drone device drone boxes to be developed obviously drones come with that and there's some different softwares out there for now being one of the better ones available and this ecosystem allows companies especially like C3 that I work for to get Client Solutions from utility oil and gas Mining and so many others and be able to select the best drone in the Box drone and software solution for their use case and that way they can get them the best Effectiveness and efficiency expenditure and so many other aspects as well another thing that I'll just touch on is especially in

**[37:32]** the regulatory environment in Australia when you write your BV loss documentation you usually ride it around one software so if you wrote it around say FlytNow for example and we started out with a smaller drone in the box with a mavic system and we've started doing operations if that client then wanted to scale up to have multiple drone in the boxes or a larger one all those boxes they could continue using FlytNow and mix and match drones and drone boxes themselves and that way they wouldn't need to rewrite their documentation and they wouldn't need to retrain their staff they could just continue to use the same software right right that that's a great answer and uh thought process Marcus thank you for sharing that uh we have another question from Ali and who is asking uh uh does the inspection depend on the computer vision technology so for example the inspection of the wind uh turbine blades or even the solar panels does it depend on the computer

**[38:35]** vision technology so in in solar it can yes to both um straight off the bat I was saying wind farms it's probably more important from what I've seen is you know the Drone will use a lidar sensor to follow um the outline of the wind turbine and it will use a high quality camera to take images of all of that and to save humans having to go through you know if you've got a farm with 300 turbines save humans having to assess all that imagery the AI can go through and process it all and the computer vision and detect okay the wind turbines usually white here's a bunch of anomalies here's some lightning strikes here's some de-bonding and cracking and it will then identify that take that snip shot sorry screenshot you know a snapshot of the of the damage and put it into a report and it'll say Turbo Florence you know 257 and

**[39:42]** this this is your damage report and then you can go you know and take do repairs take the goods that you need and work from there in solar the kind of the the same thing applies but with solar usually from your eye you can tell straight away using a thermal camera where the degradation of cells was in one of my images there I think you can see that there's a damaged spot that's a different color so while you can do this with your human eyes it again it's much easier similar to the wind turbines to have the AI do it as it will just scan all of the wind sorry all of the solar panels and just identify here's an area here's an area right and thank you Marcus Ali again that that was the answer to your question and thank you for your question uh another question that we have is uh again from uh you

**[40:43]** mentioned there are a lot of use cases uh that running the Box can be used for but what are the current use cases or use cases that are uh having having a good traction or adopting throne in the Box technology really fast um so I'd say look really the fastest um total is is probably mining at the moment because you know this is a bit different to utilities but um just because I think they have The Upfront capital and they you know can really um start to utilize the benefits the Drone in the boxes provide but we're all already seeing a lot of interest in utility providers in Australia and are already working with multiple um already we're already doing some BV loss approvals for operations that haven't occurred yet but that will soon and I'd say the fastest expanding one is probably solar as solar Farms are fairly flat you can put your drone in the box there and you can

**[41:47]** do your thermal inspections on a regular basis and like I talked about before identify the damages is one of my personal favorite use cases for throne in the Box Solutions uh thank you for that uh we have uh we have time for one last question so it is from Daniel So Daniel is asking would it be possible for joint multiple drone in a box autonomous flight uh maybe he's referring to a Fleet Management and how then this uh this Fleet of drones would avoid collisions along the flight paths yeah so that's a really good question um obviously this is a bit of a future thing I don't think we're quite there yet but how this would work in the in the future is I believe it would take cues from the drone delivery um sphere so uh I've in the past um I've worked at part of a drone delivery operations where they created um a you know software and to manage their delivery Fleet so that all the drones

**[42:52]** knew where every like all the other drones were when they're in the air this is something that I think is going to be bought into what's called a UTM system and in the future it would enable you know helicopters and planes and manned operations to know where drones are and on top of that drones can know where other drones are you know you can imagine this in drone delivery drone shows and there's many you know drone in the Box operations like nested drones that talked about where there could be multiple drone in the boxes close by using something like a UTM which we'll hopefully get to in the near future who would a lab tries to know where everything is man done unmanned right thank you thank you very much Marcus and uh again if you uh we are out of time sorry for that but audience if you have any specific questions you can see the coordinates where you can reach uh to Marcus you can drop them an email or reach out

**[43:55]** to them via their website and yes thanks a lot Marcus uh uh if you have any closing thoughts that you would like to share with everyone um look I'm just thank you again to ajinkia and vladbase for having me and I'm you know I really love working with drone in the Box technology I certainly think it's the future and I've already seen um so many applications we've got a few here that we use on a regular basis and I'm excited to see where it goes in the future thanks for listening thank you Marcus thank you everyone for your time and joining us today hope you are having a great time at National and coming up in the next few minutes are three sessions so you can please request everyone to go to the sessions Tab and attend the session of your choice uh see you in the next session thank you Marcus thank you everyone have a good day thank you